#ATOMIC TABLE HOW TO#Once you learn how to read the periodic table, it becomes easier to see the trends that are presented there. Elements 57 through 71 and 89 through 103 are in separate rows to improve readability as well. Each color breaks out elements into their different groups. To make it easier to read the periodic table, modern versions include color-coding. Every one of these elements is highly radioactive. Actinides are in the very bottom row of the periodic table, and all have atomic numbers higher than that of actinium. Lanthanides all have an atomic number larger than that of lanthanum and are almost all soft silvery metals. On the bottom of the periodic table, you’ve got the lanthanides and actinides. The first shell can only hold two electrons, while the second shell can hold up to eight electrons, for a total of 10. Neon is in the second row, or period, which means it has two shells. Elements in the periodic table are broken out into rows based on the number of shells they have. Surrounding each element’s nucleus is a shell which can only hold a certain number of electrons. #ATOMIC TABLE SERIES#Want to learn more about one of these groups? Check out our Everyday Uses of Element Series to learn more about a group’s properties, traits, and common uses:Īlkali Metals | Alkaline Earth Metals | Transition Metals | Actinides | Lanthanides | Basic Metals | Metalloids | Nonmetals | Halogens | Noble Gases Period The most common nonmetals are Group 17, the Halogens and Group 18, the Noble Gases that don’t bond with anything. On the far right, you’ll find some metals, as well as metalloids and nonmetals. This group makes up most of the periodic table. Groups 3 through 12 are the Transition Metals. Their atoms are small than those in Group 1. Group 2 includes the Alkaline Earth Metals like calcium and magnesium, which bond easily. Some of them even explode when they come into contact with water or air. Group 1 consists of Alkali Metals - things like sodium, potassium, and cesium which are not as dense as other metals and are highly reactive. Valence electrons are the number of electrons an element has available to bond with other elements to make molecules. This is the number of electrons an element has in its outer shell, which are known as valence electrons. A Roman numeral, or in modern tables, an Arabic numeral, designates each column. GroupĮlements are grouped into columns based on their chemical properties. This image color-codes the different groups of elements. The periodic table is organized into groups and periods. The vertical columns are groups, and the horizontal rows are periods. Each element is placed according to its atomic weight and number. The structure of the periodic table might seem strange to the casual observer, but its design serves a purpose. How many elements can you guess just by looking at their atomic symbol? Classifying Elements Helps You Read the Periodic Table Mercury has the designation Hg because of its Greek name - hydrargyrum, which means ‘liquid silver.” Silver meanwhile has the designation Ag, for its Latin name - Argentum which later became the French word for the same color: argent. Potassium has the designation K because of its Neo-Latin name - Kalium. In others, like potassium or mercury, scientists have to look back into history. In most cases, like oxygen or carbon, it’s simply the first letter of the element’s name. Atomic Symbolįinally, an element’s name determines the atom’s symbol. Future research can change the listed atomic weight of these elements. The atomic weight of these elements is based on the element that survived longest when it was created. These artificial elements don’t exist naturally and haven’t survived longer than several milliseconds at a time. Scientists created elements 93 through 118 in a laboratory. Isotopes have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. This number is the average mass of the element’s isotopes, including all electrons, protons and neutrons. The atomic mass is the number located at the bottom of an element key. Not only does it let you count the protons and electrons, but it also determines the element’s place on the table. Every element on the periodic table has an atomic number assigned to it. With oxygen, that tells you that there are eight positive protons in the center of each atom, and eight negative electronics orbiting it. The element’s atomic number lets you know how many protons are in the nucleus, and how many electrons are in orbit around it. The Element Key helps you learn about the individual elements in the periodic table.
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